Jewish History

Jewish history (or the history of the Jewish people) is the history of the Jews, and their religion and culture, as it developed and interacted with other peoples, religions and cultures. Although Judaism as a religion first appears in Greek records during the Hellenistic period (323 BCE – 31 BCE) and the earliest mention of Israel is inscribed on the Merneptah Stele dated 1213–1203 BCE, religious literature tells the story of Israelites going back at least as far as c. 1500 BCE. The Jewish diaspora began with the Assyrian conquest and continued on a much larger scale with the Babylonian conquest. Jews were also widespread throughout the Roman Empire, and this carried on to a lesser extent in the period of Byzantine rule in the central and eastern Mediterranean. In 638 CE the Byzantine Empire lost control of the Levant. The Arab Islamic Empire under Caliph Omar conquered Jerusalem and the lands of Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. The Golden Age of Jewish culture in Spain coincided with the Middle Ages in Europe, a period of Muslim rule throughout much of the Iberian Peninsula. During that time, Jews were generally accepted in society and Jewish religious, cultural, and economic life blossomed.

犹太人的历史（或犹太人的历史）是犹太人的历史，他们的宗教和文化，因为它开发，并与其他民族，宗教和文化互动。虽然犹太教宗教首先在希腊化时期（公元前323 - 31 BCE）出现在希腊的记录和以色列的最早提及刻在梅尔尼泊塔·施特尔勒过时的1213至1203年BCE，宗教文献告诉以色列人至少要回的故事据为c。公元前1500年。犹太侨民开始与亚述人征服，并与巴比伦征服继续在更大的规模。犹太人也很普遍整个罗马帝国，而这在拜占庭统治在地中海中部和东部期间进行的程度较轻。在638 CE拜占庭帝国失去了地中海东部地区的控制权。在哈里发奥马尔的伊斯兰教的阿拉伯帝国征服耶路撒冷，美索不达米亚，叙利亚，巴勒斯坦和埃及的土地。在西班牙犹太文化的黄金时代恰逢中世纪的欧洲，整个多伊比利亚半岛的时期穆斯林统治的。在此期间，犹太人被一般社会所接受和犹太宗教，文化和经济生活中蓬勃发展。